Your body produces and secretes more than 50 hormones that regulate many aspects of your physiology and behavior. They help your body stay balanced and healthy.These signals are sent by your endocrine glands (pituitary, hypothalamus, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, thyroid, ovaries, and testes). Too little or too much of one of these hormones can cause serious health problems.
1. Serotonin
Serotonin is a chemical that helps your brain send messages between nerve cells. It also regulates other bodily functions, including mood, sleep, sexual health, and bone health. You can boost your levels naturally by getting more exposure to outdoor sunlight and exercising. You can also eat more foods containing tryptophan, a vital amino acid for serotonin production. Some people can have low serotonin levels, a common problem that can be treated with certain medications. Some of these medicines are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
2. Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that controls many bodily functions, including blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and immunity. It's made in your adrenal glands, triangle-shaped organs on top of each kidney.
Your brain communicates with your hypothalamus and pituitary gland to control the release of cortisol. If your body needs more cortisol to deal with stress, the brain tells your adrenal glands to make more. Under normal circumstances, cortisol levels rise and fall during the day. This cycle helps to maintain your sleep-wake rhythm.
3. Growth Hormone
Growth hormone fuels childhood growth and helps to maintain tissues and organs throughout life. It is produced by the pea-sized pituitary gland at the brain's base. Children with normal growth hormone levels grow about 2.5 inches a year from birth until puberty. Adults with too little growth hormone (deficiency) have poor growth, reduced sense of well-being, increased fat, increased risk of heart disease, and weak muscles, bones, and heart. A growth hormone deficiency is usually caused by something before a child's birth, such as damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. It can also be caused by injury during or after birth, such as a tumor.
4. Estrogen
Estrogen is a hormone that affects the reproductive system, including puberty, the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy. It also regulates cholesterol levels, helps maintain bone health, and greatly impacts your mood. The ovaries, adrenal glands, fat tissues, and placenta produce estrogen. In females, estrogens help stimulate the growth of the egg follicle and regulate the flow and thickness of uterine secretions.
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In women, estrogens also work to enhance the thickness of the vaginal wall and promote lubrication. It is essential for sexual development, pregnancy, and menopause. It also has effects on the brain. Research shows estrogen can improve brain function, especially in women as they age. It may also reduce the risk of cancer in both genders.
5. Adrenaline
Adrenaline is a stress hormone that helps you react quickly when facing danger. It's also released when you experience emotional stress, like taking a test or watching a scary movie. During an adrenaline rush, your heart rate increases, and your blood vessels contract to increase your blood flow to major muscle groups. It also helps your body release energy and improves mental concentration. However, too much adrenaline can have negative effects on your health. It can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and vision changes. You may also have trouble sleeping or feeling jittery.
